随着社交网络被大众广泛使用，信息的数字化传播方式潜移默化地改变了公共媒体空间的整体结构。无效信息在网络媒体平台上的广泛传播，导致虚假新闻、谣言、仇恨言论和回音室效应等有害现象不断发生，对大众认知安全带来了极大的威胁。本文针对这一实际问题，从认知安全这一全新的研究领域探索大众认知安全防护的相关工作。首先，依据现实问题扩充了认知安全的概念，并回顾了文献历史。然后，从认知机制、基于内容、基于信息传播、基于社交行为和新兴技术五个角度探索了认知安全防护的关键技术现状。最后，总结了早期发现、可解释性、信息传播建模等有待解决的问题和未来研究方向。

As social networks are widely used, the digital transmission mode has imperceptibly changed the overall structure of traditional media space. The wide spread of ineffective information on the social media leads to the harmful phenomena, such as fake news, rumors, hate speech and echo chamber, which poses a great threat to the public's cognitive security. Aiming to solve this problem, this paper explores the related work of cognitive security protection of the mass. Firstly, we expand the concept of cognitive security based on real-world problems. Then, we explore the key technologies of cognitive security protection from five perspectives: cognitive mechanism, content-based, information dissemination, social behavior and emerging technologies. Finally, we summarize the problems to be solved and the future research direction。